Aspin, Larry T. “Campaigns in Judicial Retention Elections: Do They Make a Difference?” 20 Justice System Journal 1 (1998). (Hein)

December 20, 2011

This empirical study of campaigning in judicial retention elections in Illinois finds that although half of the judges in those elections engaged in some campaigning, campaigning activity had no discernible effect on election outcome.

  • Judicial Election

    Judges are elected by popular vote.

  • Democratic Appointment

    Judges are appointed directly by a democratic body, or appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of some democratic body.