This empirical study of nearly every judicial retention election in the United States from 1980 to 1990 concludes that a judge’s race or ethnicity does not play any significant part in how the judge fares during a retention election.
This article examines judges on all state supreme and intermediate appellate courts in 1985 and 1999 and concludes that the ability of women and minorities to attain a place in the judiciary is influenced by a combination of factors dependent upon time and the level of the court.
This empirical study uses logistic regression analysis to show that, while appointment systems are more likely to create gender diversity on state courts, this effect operates primarily to diversify all-male courts.
This empirical study of the gender composition of all state high courts concludes that judicial selection systems likely do not influence the gender compositions of those courts.
This empirical study of data published by the Fund for Modern Courts, Inc., the U.S. Bureau of the Census, and The Lawyers’ Almanac concludes that the case for the impact of judicial selection methods on the achievement of judicial office by women, Blacks, and Hispanics has been overstated and that the relationship is more complicated than previously thought.