Arrington,Theodore S. “When Money Doesn’t Matter: Campaign Spending for Minor Statewide Judicial and Executive Offices in North Carolina,” 18 Justice System Journal 257 (1996). (Hein)

This empirical study examines statewide partisan judicial elections in North Carolina from 1988 to 1994 and concludes that these elections were unresponsive to expenditures and incumbency because candidates cannot raise enough money to affect the vote.