Dubois, Philip L. “Voting Cues in Non-Partisan Trial Court Elections: A Multivariate Assessment,” 18 Law and Society Review 395 (1984). (JStor)

This empirical study examines the contributions of incumbency, occupational ballot labels, campaign spending, newspaper and bar association endorsements, voter information pamphlets, and the ethnic and sexual voting cues provided by candidate surnames to the outcomes of the 123 contested primary and run-off elections held for California’s major trial court from 1976 to 1980.