Hall, Melinda Gann, and Chris W. Bonneau. “Mobilizing Interest: The Effects of Money on Citizen Participation in State Supreme Court Election,” 52 American Journal of Political Science 3, 457 (2008). (JStor)

December 20, 2011

This empirical study gathers data from 260 supreme court elections held from 1990–2004 to show that greater campaign spending increases voter participation.

Judicial Election

Judges are elected by popular vote.
Democratic Appointment

Judges are appointed directly by a democratic body, or appointed by the governor with the advice and consent of some democratic body.

Hybrid

Judges are appointed by the governor after nomination by a commission and confirmation by a democratic body.
Missouri Plan

Judges are appointed by the governor after nomination by a commission.